1. Alphabet & Pronunciation
1.1. Syllable Stress
2. Similarities to English
2.1. Plural
2.2. Negation
2.3. Punctuation & Written Accents
3. Cardinal Numbers
4. Subject Personal Pronouns
5. Present Indicative Tense I
6. The Articles
7. Prepositions
8. Interrogative Pronouns & Adjectives
9. Basic Phrases
1. Gender of Nouns & Adjectives
2. Present Indicative Tense II – Irregular Verbs
3. The Verb “To Be”: “Ser” vs. “Estar”
4. Future Tense
5. Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns
6. Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns
7. Object Personal Pronouns
7.1. Combining Direct & Indirect Object Personal Pronouns
8. Relative Pronouns
9. Ordinal Numbers I
10. Times & Seasons
1. Verbs Like “Gustar”
2. “Por” vs. “Para”
3. The Verb “To Know”: “Saber” vs. “Conocer”
4. Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns
5. Present Progressive Tense
6. Present Perfect Tense
7. Special Uses of “Haber” & “Tener”
8. Telling Time & Describing Weather
9. Adverbs
9.1. The Adverbs “Tan,” “Solo,” “También,” “Tampoco,” “Vez,” & “Veces”
9.2. Other Adverbs & Adverbial Phrases
10. Directions
1. Degrees of Comparison: Comparatives & Superlatives
2. Past Tense: Preterite vs. Imperfect
3. Conjunctions
4. Reflexive Pronouns & Verbs
5. The Verb “Soler”
6. Time Expressions: Todavía, Aún, Ya, Hace, Acabar, & Desde
7. Present Subjunctive Tense I
8. Personal “a”
9. Future Perfect Tense
1. Irregular Verbs in The Preterite
2. Imperative Mood & Giving Commands
3. Expressions of Pain & Illness
4. Simple Conditional Tense
5. Present Subjunctive Tense II
6. Perfect Subjunctive Tense
7. Imperfect Subjunctive Tense
8. Past & Conditional Progressive Tenses
9. Interjections
1. Ordinal Numbers II
2. “Would/Should/Could Have …”
3. Pluperfect Indicative Tense
4. Pluperfect Subjunctive Tense
5. Use of “Aunque,” “Si Bien,” and “A Pesar de”
6. Verbs of Change
7. Reflexive Passive, Impersonal, & Accidental “Se”
8. Diminutives & Augmentatives
9. Use of “Vos” in Some Spanish-Speaking Countries
10. Uses of “Ojalá” in Spanish
Basic phrases such as greetings and short conversations are essential for taking the first steps to communicate in the Spanish language. Take some time to practice the following formal and informal basic phrases in Spanish.
Here is a list of some common Spanish phrases you probably must know:
| Hola | Hi |
| Buenos días. | Good morning. |
| Buenas tardes. | Good afternoon. |
| Buenas noches. | Good evening. |
| ¿Cómo está? | How are you? (formal, singular) |
| ¿Cómo estás? | How are you? (informal, singular) |
| Muy bien. | Very good. |
| No tan bien. | Not so good. |
| Así así. Regular. | So-so. |
| Gracias. | Thank you. |
| De nada. | You’re welcome. It’s nothing. |
| Por favor. | Please. |
| No mucho. | Nothing much. |
| Disculpa. Perdón. Lo siento. | Sorry. |
| Permiso. Con permiso. | “If I may,” or “Excuse me.” |
| Perdóneme. Disculpe. | Excuse me. |
| ¡Oye! | Hey, listen! (informal) |
| Mucho gusto. | It’s a pleasure. (formal/informal) |
| Encantado/-a de conocerte. | Nice to meet you. (informal, singular) |
| Encantado/-a de conocerlo/-a. | Nice to meet you. (formal, singular) |
| Hasta luego. | See you later. |
| Hasta pronto. | See you soon. |
| Hasta mañana. | See you tomorrow. |
| Bienvenido. (addressing a male) Bienvenida. (addressing a female) | Welcome. |
| Gusto en verlo. | It’s a pleasure to see you. |
| ¿Cuál es tu nombre? | What is your name? (informal, singular) |
| ¿Cómo te llamas? | What is your name? (informal, singular) |
| ¿Cómo se llama (usted)? | What is your name? (formal, singular) |
| Me llamo… Mi nombre es… | My name is … |
| Soy … | I am … |
| ¿Cuántos años tienes? | How old are you? (informal, singular) |
| ¿Cuántos años tiene? | How old are you? (formal, singular) |
| Tengo 20 años. | I am 20 years old. |
| ¿De dónde es usted? | Where are you from? (formal, singular) |
| ¿De dónde eres? | Where are you from? (informal, singular) |
| ¿De qué parte? | From which part? |
| Soy de … | I am from … |
| ¿Dónde has estado? | Where have you been? |
| ¡Hace mucho tiempo que no te veo! | It’s been a while since I’ve seen you! |
| ¿Hablas inglés? | Do you speak English? (informal, singular) |
| ¿Habla inglés? | Do you speak English? (formal, singular) |
| ¿Dónde está …? | Where is …? |
| ¿Dónde vives? | Where do you live? (informal, singular) |
| ¿Dónde vive? | Where do you live? (formal, singular) |
| Vivo en … | I live in … |
| ¿Cuánto cuesta eso? | How much does that cost? |
| La cuenta, por favor. | The bill, please. |
| ¿Puede ayudarme? | Can you help me? (formal) |
| ¿Puedes hablar más despacio? | Can you speak more slowly? |
| ¿Cómo puedo llegar hasta allí? | How can I get there? |
| Adiós. | Goodbye. |
“What’s up?” in Spanish
There are many ways to say “What’s up?” or “What’s going on?” that range from less formal to very informal and vary in popularity from one Spanish-speaking country to another, such as:
| ¿Qué pasa? | ¿Qué onda? | ¿En qué andas? |
| ¿Qué hay de nuevo? | ¿Cómo te va? | ¿Cómo vas? |
| ¿Quiubo? | ¿Cómo van las cosas? | ¿Qué tal? |
Next: Masculine & Feminine Nouns & Adjectives
Other lessons in Level I:
