Comparative Grammar 3.4. Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns in Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, & French

Level I 1. Alphabet & Pronunciation 2. Similarities to English 3. Gender & Plural 4. Cardinal Numbers 5. Subject Personal Pronouns 6. Present Indicative Tense I 7. The Articles 8. Interrogative Pronouns & Adjectives 9. Basic Vocabulary Level II 1. Prepositions 2. Present Indicative Tense II – Irregular Verbs 3. Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns 4. Demonstrative Pronouns & Adjectives 5. Object Personal Pronouns 6. Relative Pronouns 7. Ordinal Numbers I 8. “Por” vs. “Para” in Spanish & Portuguese 9. The Verb “To Be”: “Ser” vs. “Estar” in Spanish & Portuguese Level III 1. Verbs like “Gustar” in Spanish & “Piacere” in Italian 2. Present Perfect Tense 3. The Verb “To Know” 4. Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns 5. Conjunctions 6. Simple Future Tense 7. Telling Time & Describing Weather 8. Adverbs 9. Present Participle & Gerund in French Level IV 1. Degrees of Comparison: Comparatives & Superlatives 2. Past Tense: Preterite vs. Imperfect 3. Reflexive Pronouns & Verbs 4. Expressions Using “To Have” & “To Do” 5. Present Subjunctive Tense I 6. Present Progressive Tense 7. Future Perfect Tense 8. Personal “a” in Spanish Level V 1. The Pronouns “Ci” & “Ne” in Italian and “Y” & “En” in French 2. Past Absolute Tense in Italian & Simple Past Tense in French 3. Imperative Mood & Giving Commands 4. The Conditional Tenses 5. Present Subjunctive Tense II & Future Subjunctive Tense 6. Perfect Subjunctive Tense 7. Partitives 8. Past & Conditional Progressive Tenses 9. The Verb “Acabar” in Spanish & Portuguese Level VI 1. Ordinal Numbers 2. Imperfect Subjunctive Tense 3. Pluperfect Indicative Tense 4. Pluperfect Subjunctive Tense 5. Passive Voice 6. Idiomatic Pronominal Verbs 7. Diminutives & Augmentatives 8. The Past Infinitive
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In this comparative grammar lesson of Romance languages, we study indefinite adjectives and pronouns in Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and French.

Indefinite adjectives describe a noun in a vague or non-specific way, e.g., other people, eachperson, several things, all schools, etc. On the other hand, an indefinite pronoun replaces the noun in a vague and non-specific way, e.g., “I tell you something, “I speak to someone, All is well, etc. Many indefinite pronouns are identical to their indefinite adjective counterpart, e.g., “all,other, “many,”etc.

Unlike most adjectives in Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and French, indefinite adjectives precede the noun they describe. Some also change form to agree with the noun in gender and number. Indefinite adjectives and pronouns are used abundantly in the four languages. Here is a list of the most common indefinite adjectives and pronouns:

 MeaningExamples
bastante, suficiente[1] (SP)(PT)
abbastanza (IT)
assez (FR)
enoughEN: I have enough money.
SP: Tengo bastante dinero.
PT: Eu tenho bastante dinheiro.
IT: Ho abbastanza soldi.
FR: J’ai assez d’argent.
mucho (SP)
muito (PT)
molto, troppo (IT)
beaucoup (FR)
too (much)
too (many)
EN: There are many people here.
SP: Hay mucha gente aquí.
PT: Há muitas pessoas aqui.
IT: Qui c’è troppa gente.
FR: Il y a beaucoup de monde ici.
demasiado (SP)
demasiado (PT)
troppo (IT)
trop (FR)
much
many
EN: This car is too expensive.
SP: Este auto es demasiado caro.
PT: Este carro é demasiado caro.
IT: Questa macchina è troppo costosa.
FR: Cette voiture est trop chère.
uno a otro (SP)
uns aos outros (PT)
l’uno l’altro (IT)
l’un l’autre (FR)
each otherEN: They must help each other.
SP: Deben ayudarse unos a otros.
PT: Eles devem ajudar uns aos outros.
IT: Devono aiutarsi l’un l’altro.
FR: Ils doivent s’aider les uns les autres.
uno u otro (SP)
um ou outro (PT)
l’uno o l’altro (IT)
l’un(e) ou l’autre (FR)
one or the otherEN: You must choose one or the other of these houses.
SP: Debes elegir una u otra de estas casas.
PT: Deve escolher uma ou outra dessas casas.
IT: Devi scegliere l’una o l’altra di queste case.
FR: Il faut choisir l’une ou l’autre de ces maisons.
ambos, -as (SP)
ambos, -as (PT)
entrambi, -e (IT)
les deux (FR)
bothEN: Both options are available.
SP: Ambas opciones están disponibles.
PT: Ambas as opções estão disponíveis.
IT: Entrambe le opzioni sono disponibili.
FR: Les deux options sont disponibles.
los otros, las otras (SP)
os outros, as outras (PT)
gli altri, le altre (IT)
les autres (FR)
the othersEN: The others are not available.
SP: Los otros no están disponibles.
PT: Os outros não estão disponíveis.
IT: Gli altri non sono disponibili.
FR: Les autres ne sont pas disponibles.
el resto (SP)
o resto (PT)
il resto (IT)
le reste (FR)
the restEN: The rest of the world is suffering.
SP: El resto del mundo está sufriendo.
PT: O resto do mundo está sofrendo.
IT: Il resto del mondo sta soffrendo.
FR: Le reste du monde souffre.
mismo (SP)
mesmo (PT)
stesso (IT)
même (FR)
same, selfEN: It is the same person we saw last night.
SP: Es la misma persona que vimos anoche.
PT: É a mesma pessoa que vimos ontem à noite.
IT: È la stessa persona che abbiamo visto ieri sera.
FR: C’est la même personne que nous avons vue hier soir.
cierto (SP)
certo (PT)
certo (IT)
certain (FR)
certainEN: Only certain people can do that.
SP: Solo ciertas personas pueden hacer eso.
PT: Somente certas pessoas podem fazer isso.
IT: Solo certe persone possono farlo.
FR: Seules certaines personnes peuvent le faire.
otro (SP)
outro (PT)
altro (IT)
autre (FR)
other, anotherEN: I’d like another glass of water, please.
SP: Quisiera otra copa de agua por favor.
PT: Eu gostaria de outro copo de água, por favor.
IT: Vorrei un altro bicchiere d’acqua, per favore.
FR: Je voudrais un autre verre d’eau, s’il vous plaît.
todo (SP)
todo (PT)
tutto (IT)
tout (FR)
all, everyEN: All year round, it rains in the country.
SP: Todo el año llueve en el país.
PT: Durante todo o ano chove no país.
IT: Tutto l’anno, piove nel paese.
FR: Toute l’année, il pleut dans le pays.
todos (SP)
todos (PT)
tutti (IT)
tous (FR)
all, everybodyEN: All of us are from Australia.
SP: Todos nosotros somos de Australia.
PT: Todos nós somos da Austrália.
IT: Tutti noi veniamo dall’Australia.
FR: Nous venons tous d’Australie.
poco (SP)
pouco (PT)
poco (IT)
peu (FR)
little, not muchEN: We need little time to arrive.
SP: Necesitamos poco tiempo para llegar.
PT: Precisamos de pouco tempo para chegar.
IT: Abbiamo bisogno di poco tempo per arrivare.
FR: Nous avons besoin de peu de temps pour arriver.
pocos (SP)
poucos (PT)
pochi (IT)
peu de (FR)
fewEN: He has few friends at school.
SP: Tiene pocos amigos en la escuela.
PT: Ele tem poucos amigos na escola.
IT: Ha pochi amici a scuola.
FR: Il a peu d’amis à l’école.
varios (SP)
vários (PT)
parecchi, diversi (IT)
plusieurs (FR)
severalEN: You can read several books on this topic.
SP: Puedes leer varios libros sobre este tema.
PT: Você pode ler vários livros sobre esse assunto.
IT: Puoi leggere diversi libri su questo argomento.
FR: Vous pouvez lire plusieurs livres sur ce sujet.
cualquier (SP)
qualquer (PT)
qualsiasi (IT)
n’importe quel (FR)
any, whicheverEN: Bring me any book you find.
SP: Tráeme cualquier libro que encuentres.
PT: Traga-me qualquer livro que encontrar.
IT: Portami qualsiasi libro trovi.
FR: Apportez-moi n’importe quel livre que vous trouvez.
alguno/-as (SP)
alguns/-umas (PT)
alcuni, qualche (IT)
quelques (FR)
some, fewEN: I only have some books.
SP: Sólo tengo algunos libros.
PT: Só tenho alguns livros.
IT: Ho solo alcuni libri.
FR: Je n’ai que quelques livres.
cada (SP)(PT)
ogni, ciascuno (IT)
chaque (FR)
each, everyEN: Brush your teeth after each meal.
SP: Cepilla tus dientes después de cada comida.
PT: Escove os dentes após cada refeição.
IT: Lavati i denti dopo ogni pasto.
FR: Brossez-vous les dents après chaque repas.
algo (SP) (PT)
qualcosa (IT)
quelque chose (FR)
somethingEN: I want to say something very important.
SP: Quiero decir algo muy importante.
PT: Quero dizer algo muito importante.
IT: Voglio dire qualcosa di molto importante.
FR: Je veux dire quelque chose de très important.
alguien (SP)
alguém (PT)
qualcuno (IT)
quelqu’un (FR)
someoneEN: I talked with someone very interesting.
SP: Hablé con alguien muy interesante.
PT: Conversei com alguém muito interessante.
IT: Ho parlato con qualcuno di molto interessante.
FR: J’ai parlé avec quelqu’un de très intéressant.
nada (SP)(PT)
niente (IT)
rien (FR)
nothingEN: I am going to do nothing all day today.
SP: Hoy no voy a hacer nada en todo el día.
PT: Não vou fazer nada o dia todo hoje.
IT: Oggi non farò niente tutto il giorno.
FR: Je ne ferai rien de la journée d’aujourd’hui.
nadie (SP)
ninguém (PT)
nessuno (IT)
personne (FR)
nobody
not any
EN: Nobody is in the office today.
SP: Hoy no hay nadie en la oficina.
PT: Ninguém está no escritório hoje.
IT: Non c’è nessuno in ufficio oggi.
FR: Personne n’est au bureau aujourd’hui.
quienquiera (SP)
quem quer (PT)
chiunque (IT)
qui que, quiconque (FR)
whoeverEN: Whoever it is, it is not important.
SP: Quienquiera que sea, no es importante.
PT: Quem quer que seja, não é importante.
IT: Chiunque sia, non è importante.
FR: Qui que ce soit, ce n’est pas important.

[1] Although both “bastante” and “suficiente” are often translated as “enough,suficiente” indicates that something is just barely enough, whereas “bastante” often has a more positive connotation that indicates an abundance and is not typically used in negative contexts.

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