“Es” vs “Est” in French

When learning French, it is essential to understand the subtle differences between similar words to ensure clear and accurate communication. Two such words are “es” and “est,” which are both forms of the verb “être” (to be). However, we use the two forms in different contexts. A common point of confusion for learners is that “es” and “est” are pronounced the same in French, that is, [ɛ] in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), which sounds like the English short “e” in “bed.” This article will explore the distinctions between “es” and “est,” providing examples and tips to help you use them correctly, including the nuances of liaison.

“Es” in French

“Es” is the second-person singular form of the verb “être” in the present tense. The verb “être” is conjugated in the present tense as follows:

We use “es” when referring to “tu,” which means “you” (informal). We use this form when speaking directly to one person whom you are familiar with, such as a friend, family member, or peer. For example:

Remember that “es” is specifically tied to “tu.” Do not use it with other subjects.

“Est” in French

“Est” is the third-person singular form of the verb “être” in the present tense. We use it referring to “il,” “elle,” or “on,” which mean “he,” “she,” and “one/we” respectively. We use this form when speaking about someone else or in more general statements. For example:

Use “est” with third-person singular subjects like “il,” “elle,” and “on.”

Liaison Cases for ‘Es’ and ‘Est’ in French

Liaison in French is the pronunciation of a normally silent consonant at the end of a word, when the next word begins with a vowel sound. Both “es” and “est” can form liaisons, but they follow specific rules:

Liaison with “Es”

When “es” is followed by a word starting with a vowel or mute ‘h,’ the ‘s‘ is pronounced like a ‘z’ to link the words smoothly. For example:

Examples:

Liaison with “Est”

Similarly, when “est” is followed by a word beginning with a vowel or mute ‘h,’ the ‘t‘ is pronounced to form a liaison. For example:

“Est” meaning “East” vs “Est” as a “to be” Verb

The word “est” can either be the third-person singular form of the verb “être” (to be) or it can mean “east” when referring to a direction.

The key difference is in pronunciation. “Est,” meaning “east,” is pronounced /est/.

Practice Sentences

Remember that “tu es” is informal. In formal situations, use “vous êtes” instead of “tu es.” Read more on informal “tu” vs. formal “vous” and the difference between the two subject personal pronouns. To help reinforce your understanding, here are some practice sentences using “es” and “est” in French with and without liaisons:

Using “Es” in French:

Using “Est” in French:

Conclusion

Understanding the difference between “es” and “est” is important for mastering French conjugation and improving your fluency. Remember, “es” is used for informal, second-person singular subjects “tu,” while “est” is used for third-person singular subject pronouns “il,” “elle,” and “on.” Additionally, be mindful of liaison rules to ensure smooth and accurate pronunciation.