Spanish 5.2. Imperative Mood & Giving Commands

Level I 1. Alphabet & Pronunciation 1.1. Syllable Stress 2. Similarities to English 2.1. Plural 2.2. Negation 2.3. Punctuation & Written Accents 3. Cardinal Numbers 4. Subject Personal Pronouns 5. Present Indicative Tense I 6. The Articles 7. Prepositions 8. Interrogative Pronouns & Adjectives 9. Basic Phrases Level II 1. Gender of Nouns & Adjectives 2. Present Indicative Tense II – Irregular Verbs 3. The Verb “To Be”: “Ser” vs. “Estar” 4. Future Tense 5. Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns 6. Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns 7. Object Personal Pronouns 7.1. Combining Direct & Indirect Object Personal Pronouns 8. Relative Pronouns 9. Ordinal Numbers I 10. Times & Seasons Level III 1. Verbs Like “Gustar” 2. “Por” vs. “Para” 3. The Verb “To Know”: “Saber” vs. “Conocer” 4. Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns 5. Present Progressive Tense 6. Present Perfect Tense 7. Special Uses of “Haber” & “Tener” 8. Telling Time & Describing Weather 9. Adverbs 9.1. The Adverbs “Tan,” “Solo,” “También,” “Tampoco,” “Vez,” & “Veces” 9.2. Other Adverbs & Adverbial Phrases 10. Directions Level IV 1. Degrees of Comparison: Comparatives & Superlatives 2. Past Tense: Preterite vs. Imperfect 3. Conjunctions 4. Reflexive Pronouns & Verbs 5. The Verb “Soler” 6. Time Expressions: Todavía, Aún, Ya, Hace, Acabar, & Desde 7. Present Subjunctive Tense I 8. Personal “a” 9. Future Perfect Tense Level V 1. Irregular Verbs in The Preterite 2. Imperative Mood & Giving Commands 3. Expressions of Pain & Illness 4. Simple Conditional Tense 5. Present Subjunctive Tense II 6. Perfect Subjunctive Tense 7. Imperfect Subjunctive Tense 8. Past & Conditional Progressive Tenses 9. Interjections Level VI 1. Ordinal Numbers II 2. “Would/Should/Could Have …” 3. Pluperfect Indicative Tense 4. Pluperfect Subjunctive Tense 5. Use of “Aunque,” “Si Bien,” and “A Pesar de” 6. Verbs of Change 7. Reflexive Passive, Impersonal, & Accidental “Se” 8. Diminutives & Augmentatives 9. Use of “Vos” in Some Spanish-Speaking Countries 10. Uses of “Ojalá” in Spanish
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The imperative mood is generally used in Spanish to give commands or instructions in the affirmative or the negative. We have so far encountered the indicative and the subjunctive moods. The imperative is considered a separate mood in Spanish.

The imperative mood can be used in the singular or plural form and can be formal or informal. When using the imperative mood with the plural, there is only one format for both formal and informal. Thus, we have three cases:

  1. Singular informal (i.e., )
  2. Singular formal (i.e., usted)
  3. Plural (i.e., ustedes)

Each of the above can be used in the affirmative or the negative. In addition to these three cases of imperative commands, we will study commands in Spanish using “nosotros,” indirect commands, and commands using the infinitive.

In Spain, the plural informal form “vosotros” can be used. However, we will skip that as it is not used outside of Spain.

Singular Informal Imperative

To give commands to a single person in an informal way, we use the present indicative in the third-person singular form, i.e., “usted,” in the affirmative and the present subjunctive in the second-person singular form, i.e., “,” in the negative, for example:

Cómprame un café.Buy me a coffee.
Camina despacio.Walk slowly.
No me mientas.         Don’t lie to me.
No hables rápido.Don’t speak fast.

There are eight common irregular verbs in the affirmative singular informal command form.

Infinitive CommandExample
ser cortés.Be polite.
irveVe a la escuela.Go to school.
venirvenVen aquí.Come here.
tenertenTen cuidado.Take caution.
decirdiDi la verdad.Tell the truth.
hacerhazHaz la tarea.Do the homework.
ponerponPon el lápiz aquí.Put the pencil here.
salirsalSal con tus amigos.Go out with your friends.

Singular Formal Imperative

To give commands to a single person in a formal way, we use the present subjunctive in the third-person singular form in both the affirmative and in the negative; that is, the form used with “usted,” for example:

Señora, entre desde aquí, por favor.Ma’am, enter from here, please.
Señor, no fume aquí, por favor.Sir, don’t smoke here, please.

Plural Imperative

To give commands to a group of people, we use the present subjunctive in the third-person plural form in both the affirmative and in the negative; that is, the form used with “ustedes,” for example:

Chicos, hagan la tarea.Boys, do the homework.
Señores, no fumen aquí, por favor.Gentlemen, don’t smoke here, please.

Commands using “Nosotros”

Similar to the expression “let’s do something in English, commands using “nosotros” in Spanish express the same idea and can be affirmative or negative. Both use the present subjunctive, for example:

Hagamos nuestra tarea.Let’s do our homework.
No fumemos.Let’s not smoke.

The only exception is “vamos,” which is often used to mean “let’s go” instead of “vayamos” in the affirmative. In the negative, however, “no vayamos” is how you say “let’s not go” in Spanish.

Indirect Commands

Another way to express commands mostly in the affirmative is by using “que” followed by the present subjunctive, for example:

Que entren.Let them enter
Que tengas un buen día.        Have a nice day.

Infinitive Commands

A less polite and less often used form to express commands is using the infinitive, for example:

Caminar despacio.Walk slowly.
No llorar.       No crying.

Quiz: Imperative Mood & Giving Commands in Spanish

Spanish: Imperative Mood & Giving Commands

1 / 10

1. Let's do our homework. (to do = hacer)

SP: nuestra tarea.

 

Accented letters (if needed):

á é í ó ú ñ ü

2 / 10

2. Match the following singular formal and informal command:

 

"Tell the truth."

 

Informal la verdad.

 

Formal  la verdad.

3 / 10

3. Match the following singular formal and informal command:

 

"Do your homework."

 

Informal tu tarea.

 

Formal tu tarea.

 

4 / 10

4. Let's be polite. (to be = ser)

SP: educados.

 

Accented letters (if needed):

á é í ó ú ñ ü

5 / 10

5. Match the following singular formal and informal command:

 

"Come with us."

 

Informal con nosotros.

 

Formal con nosotros.

 

6 / 10

6. Have a nice day. (to have = tener)

Use informal singular "you" ("tu" form)

SP: Que un buen día.

 

Accented letters (if needed):

á é í ó ú ñ ü

7 / 10

7. Boys, do your homework. (to do = hacer)

SP: Chicos, la tarea.

 

Accented letters (if needed):

á é í ó ú ñ ü

8 / 10

8. Let's go. (to go = ir)

SP: .

 

Accented letters (if needed):

á é í ó ú ñ ü

9 / 10

9. Let them enter. (to enter = entrar)

SP: Que .

 

Accented letters (if needed):

á é í ó ú ñ ü

10 / 10

10. Match the following singular formal and informal command:

 

"Be polite."

 

Informal cortés.

 

Formal cortés.

 

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