Spanish 5.1. Irregular Verbs in the Preterite

Level I 1. Alphabet & Pronunciation 1.1. Syllable Stress 2. Similarities to English 2.1. Plural 2.2. Negation 2.3. Punctuation & Written Accents 3. Cardinal Numbers 4. Subject Personal Pronouns 5. Present Indicative Tense I 6. The Articles 7. Prepositions 8. Interrogative Pronouns & Adjectives 9. Basic Phrases Level II 1. Gender of Nouns & Adjectives 2. Present Indicative Tense II – Irregular Verbs 3. The Verb “To Be”: “Ser” vs. “Estar” 4. Future Tense 5. Possessive Adjectives & Pronouns 6. Demonstrative Adjectives & Pronouns 7. Object Personal Pronouns 7.1. Combining Direct & Indirect Object Personal Pronouns 8. Relative Pronouns 9. Ordinal Numbers I 10. Times & Seasons Level III 1. Verbs Like “Gustar” 2. “Por” vs. “Para” 3. The Verb “To Know”: “Saber” vs. “Conocer” 4. Indefinite Adjectives & Pronouns 5. Present Progressive Tense 6. Present Perfect Tense 7. Special Uses of “Haber” & “Tener” 8. Telling Time & Describing Weather 9. Adverbs 9.1. The Adverbs “Tan,” “Solo,” “También,” “Tampoco,” “Vez,” & “Veces” 9.2. Other Adverbs & Adverbial Phrases 10. Directions Level IV 1. Degrees of Comparison: Comparatives & Superlatives 2. Past Tense: Preterite vs. Imperfect 3. Conjunctions 4. Reflexive Pronouns & Verbs 5. The Verb “Soler” 6. Time Expressions: Todavía, Aún, Ya, Hace, Acabar, & Desde 7. Present Subjunctive Tense I 8. Personal “a” 9. Future Perfect Tense Level V 1. Irregular Verbs in The Preterite 2. Imperative Mood & Giving Commands 3. Expressions of Pain & Illness 4. Simple Conditional Tense 5. Present Subjunctive Tense II 6. Perfect Subjunctive Tense 7. Imperfect Subjunctive Tense 8. Past & Conditional Progressive Tenses 9. Interjections Level VI 1. Ordinal Numbers II 2. “Would/Should/Could Have …” 3. Pluperfect Indicative Tense 4. Pluperfect Subjunctive Tense 5. Use of “Aunque,” “Si Bien,” and “A Pesar de” 6. Verbs of Change 7. Reflexive Passive, Impersonal, & Accidental “Se” 8. Diminutives & Augmentatives 9. Use of “Vos” in Some Spanish-Speaking Countries 10. Uses of “Ojalá” in Spanish
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Some Spanish verbs are irregular in the preterite. The following verbs are common examples of irregular verbs in the preterite tense in Spanish:

 serirdartenerestarhacer
yofuifuidituveestuvehice
fuistefuistedistetuvisteestuvistehiciste
él/ella/ustedfuefuediotuvoestuvohizo
nosotros/-asfuimosfuimosdimostuvimosestuvimoshicimos
vosotros/-asfuisteisfuisteisdisteistuvisteisestuvisteishicisteis
ellos/ellas/ustedesfueronfuerondierontuvieronestuvieronhicieron

In addition to the above irregular verbs in the preterite, there are a few more verbs and patterns in Spanish that are useful to memorize.

Use your Anki cards to practice more examples until you master this lesson. You can also use the summary in this cheat sheets of Spanish Irregular Verbs as a quick reference.

Verbs ending in “-ducir” as well as “decir” and “traer

Verbs ending in “-ducir” replace the “c” with “j” in their stem to form the preterite stem ending in “duj-.” The verbs “decir” and “traer” are treated similarly, and their stems are “dij-” and “traj-,” respectively. Notice also that the third-person plural form of these verbs ends in “-eron” instead of “-ieron.”

Examples of verbs in this category include: “traducir” (to translate), “producir” (to produce), “reducir” (to reduce), “conducir” (to drive), “introducir” (to introduce), “deducir” (to deduce), and “seducir” (to seduce).

 traducirproducirreducirdecirtraer
yotradujeprodujeredujedijetraje
tradujisteprodujisteredujistedijistetrajiste
él/ella/ustedtradujoprodujoredujodijotrajo
nosotros/-astradujimosprodujimosredujimosdijimostrajimos
vosotros/-astradujisteisprodujisteisredujisteisdijisteistrajisteis
ellos/ellas/ustedestradujeronprodujeronredujerondijerontrajeron

Verbs “estar,” “tener,” and “andar

The verbs “estar,” “tener,” and “andar” (to walk or to go) take the stems “estuv-,” “tuv-,” and “anduv-,” respectively.

 estartenerandar
yoestuvetuveanduve
estuvistetuvisteanduviste
él/ella/ustedestuvotuvoanduvo
nosotros/-asestuvimostuvimosanduvimos
vosotros/-asestuvisteistuvisteisanduvisteis
ellos/ellas/ustedesestuvierontuvieronanduvieron

Verbs that change the first vowel from “a” or “o” to “u”

The two verbs “haber” and “poder” take the stems “hub-” and “pud-,” respectively, whereas the verbs “poner,” “saber,” and “caber(to fit) undergo an extra-letter change and take the stems “pus-,” “sup-,” and “cup-,” respectively.

 haberpoderponersabercaber
yohubepudepusesupecupe
hubistepudistepusistesupistecupiste
él/ella/ustedhubopudopusosupocupo
nosotros/-ashubimospudimospusimossupimoscupimos
vosotros/-ashubisteispudisteispusisteissupisteiscupisteis
ellos/ellas/ustedeshubieronpudieronpusieronsupieroncupieron

Verbs that change stem in the third-person forms

There are three groups in this category:

1. Verbs that change “e” to “i” in the third-person singular and plural forms

Examples of these verbs: “pedir(to ask or request), “mentir(to lie), “sentir(to feel), “seguir(to follow), “servir(to serve), “hervir(to boil), “preferir(to prefer), “convertir(to convert), “despedir(to dismiss), “impedir(to prevent), “divertirse(to have fun), “sugerir(to suggest), “vestirse(to dress), “repetir(to repeat), “reír(to laugh), and “sonreír(to smile). Notice that these verbs are all “-ir” verbs.

 pedirmentirseguirpreferir reír
yopedímentíseguípreferí reí
pedistementisteseguistepreferiste reíste
él/ella/ustedpidiómintiósiguióprefirió rió
nosotros/-aspedimosmentimosseguimospreferimos reímos
vosotros/-aspedisteismentisteisseguisteispreferisteis reísteis
ellos/ellas/ustedespidieronmintieronsiguieronprefirieron rieron

2. Verbs that change “o” to “u” in the third-person singular and plural forms

Examples of these verbs: “dormir(to sleep) and “morir(to die), which are also “-ir” verbs.

  dormir morir
yo dormí morí
 dormiste moriste
él/ella/usted durmió murió
nosotros/-as dormimos morimos
vosotros/-as dormisteis moristeis
ellos/ellas/ustedes durmieron murieron

3. Verbs that change “e” or “i” to “y” in the third-person singular and plural forms

Examples of these verbs: “caer(to fall), “leer(to read), “roer(to nibble), “oír(to hear), “influir(to influence), and “concluir(to conclude). Notice that if the final vowel of the stem is silent, this rule does not apply, e.g., “seguir(to follow), “perseguir(to chase or pursue), “conseguir(to get).

 caerleerroeroírinfluir
yocaíleíroíinfluí
caísteleísteroísteoísteinfluiste
él/ella/ustedcayóleyóroyóoyóinfluyó
nosotros/-ascaímosleímosroímosoímosinfluimos
vosotros/-ascaísteisleísteisroísteisoísteisinfluisteis
ellos/ellas/ustedescayeronleyeronroyeronoyeroninfluyeron

The changes in the table above prevent the presence of three consecutive vowels, e.g., “cayó” (the “y” replaces “e,” preventing the presence of the three consecutive vowels “-aeo-”).

Verbs “venir,” “querer,” and “ver

Finally, the verbs “venir” and “querer” take the stems “vin-” and “quis-,” respectively, whereas the verb “ver” does not follow a specific rule.

  ver venirquerer
yo vi vinequise
 viste vinistequisiste
él/ella/usted vio vinoquiso
nosotros/-as vimos vinimosquisimos
vosotros/-as visteis vinisteisquisisteis
ellos/ellas/ustedes vieron vinieronquisieron

Next: Imperative Mood & Giving Commands

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